A city is a settlement, the inhabitants of which are employed, as a rule, outside the sphere of agriculture. The assignment of a settlement to the "City" category is formalized by law. In the Russian Federation, the City is one of the administrative-territorial units within which local self-government is carried out. A source. Encyclopedic Dictionary.
Other definitions City 1m.
"Cities" - the name of the historical regions of the Russian state of the 17th century: Zamoskovnye, Pomorsky, Zaotsky, Seversky, Ukrainian, Nizovye, Vyatka etc. A source. Encyclopedic Dictionary.
The city's population criterion varies - from 250 people in Denmark to 30 thousand in Japan. The first mentions of the city date back to the 4th-3rd millennium BC. e .. The most famous ancient trade, craft centers: in Mesopotamia - Ur, Babylon; in Egypt - Memphis, Thebes; in India - Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa; in Greece - Sparta, Athens. In the 11-12 centuries. the largest cities in Europe are Venice, Florence, Rome, Paris, London, Cologne, Novgorod, etc. Modern cities are divided into small (up to 50 thousand), medium (50-100 thousand), large (250-500 thousand), largest (500 thousand - 1 million) and millionaire cities (over 1 million). residents). In the 80s. in the world there were approx. 220 millionaire cities, the largest is Mexico City (18 million inhabitants, 1990). Satellite cities are emerging in many large cities. Often cities and satellite towns combine to form urban agglomerations that can be combined into megalopolises. In Russia, a city must have at least 12 thousand inhabitants and at least 85% of the population employed outside of agriculture. In the 90s. in the Russian Federation St. 1030 cities, in which 74% of the population lived.
What it is? Urbanization is the growth of cities due to the displacement of people from rural areas in search of better jobs and better living conditions.
Cities and towns alike are at the heart of a rapidly changing global economy - they are the cause and effect of global economic growth.
Around the world, cities are growing as people move from rural areas in search of jobs, opportunities for better living conditions, and a better future for their children.
For the first time in human history, most of the world's population lives in cities.
Three billion people - half of the world's population - live in cities By 2050, two-thirds of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. (In 1800, only 2% of the people lived in cities. In 1950, only 30% of the world's population was considered urban). Almost 180,000 people move to cities every day. In developing countries, the urban population grows by 60 million annually. This level of urban population growth will continue for the next 30 years. Over the next 15 to 20 years, many cities in Africa and Asia will double. Why does this concern me? The urban population is growing faster than infrastructure is developing.
Many urban areas are growing at the expense of rural decline, forcing impoverished rural residents to move to cities in search of work.
Usually, newcomers fail to find what was the purpose of resettlement and become urban poor. When moving to the city, they often face the following problems:
Lack of housing. Due to the lack of homes, migrants often build shelters on the outskirts of the city, usually on state-owned land. These lands, as a rule, are unsuitable and dangerous for living. These are floodplains and river banks, steep slopes and lands after reclamation. Lack of necessary infrastructure. Slum dwellers often live without electricity, running water, sewerage, roads or other utilities. Lack of property rights. Slum dwellers, being illegal or unregistered townspeople, do not have property rights to the land they occupy, which makes it impossible to use land as collateral when obtaining a loan.
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Over the past 50 years, the number of slum dwellers has increased from 35 million to over 900 million. Over the next 30 years, it could double.
Slum dwellers make up the majority of the urban population in Africa and South Asia. By 2035, it is estimated that more than half of the world's poor will live in cities.
Slum dwellers are at high risk of disease. In addition to suffering from pollution caused by burning raw fuel during cooking, using primitive stoves, and having limited access to water and sanitation, they have to face modern environmental hazards such as polluted city air, exhaust fumes and industrial emissions. ...
With the growth of cities, the number of environmental problems increases:
Deteriorating urban air quality. Every year one million people die from urban air pollution.
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An increase in the number of vehicles, which leads to congestion of roads and an increase in the number of accidents. According to the World Health Organization, 500,000 people die and 15 million are injured in road traffic accidents every year in developing countries. Most of the victims are poor pedestrians and cyclists. People who manage to survive accidents often become disabled. For example, in Bangladesh, about 50% of hospital beds are reported to be occupied by road traffic victims.
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