There is an interview-dialogue - a conversation with one person according to the "question-answer" scheme and an interview-monologue - a journalist asks a question, asks a topic, and the interlocutor tells. The task of the journalist here is to convey the story as accurately as possible, while preserving the peculiarities of the speech of the interviewee.
The quality and nature of the interview questions depends on the topic of the conversation. Some of the questions arise during the conversation, but the main ones should be prepared in advance, taking into account what the society is interested in. The art of the journalist to direct the conversation in the direction of the problem that interests him
Questions should be:
short, concise, clear, "Open", i.e. be formulated so that the interlocutor does not have the opportunity to answer "yes" or "no". The answers should be:
deployed, reasonable. Interviews can be both individual and collective, when several people at once express their views on the issues raised.
During the conversation, the journalist clarifies certain points, asks questions, and makes sure that the conversation goes in the right direction. Asks for more details on the issues of greatest interest. Those. the journalist strives for the conversation to be meaningful and interesting for both.
If the person has nothing to say, it is not worth starting a conversation. And if a journalist is not prepared, does not know what will be discussed, does not know how to formulate questions in such a way as to interest the interlocutor, does not know how to be relaxed, frank, then the interview will not turn out meaningful and interesting.
The interview is published in the media for different purposes:
inform readers about someone's plans, tasks, tell about creative successes, achievements, post information about an upcoming event, for which they are preparing in advance, or provide details of an event that has already passed, explain in more detail this or that fact already known to the reader, find out the opinion of the political, creative, state. an agent on any issue. It is very important for the journalist to accurately state the recording of the interview in order to avoid twists, mistakes, inaccuracies. You can agree on the material with the interlocutor after processing it. Transcribe the interview to paper without delay as long as the details are kept in memory.
What is the art of interviewing? The initial stage of the conversation The introduction should be short (without undue persistence), the journalist should
introduce yourself inform on behalf of which media he is speaking, why did you decide to turn to this particular person, state the goals of the conversation
all this must be thought out in advance and structured in such a way as to arouse the interlocutor's interest in what was said, a desire to cooperate. You need to pay attention to the wording of the questions. They should be clear to the interlocutor. It is good if the first questions show the competence of the journalist, his readiness for the interview. When the interlocutor feels that the journalist knows the business, prepared for the conversation, the interviewee has a more serious attitude towards the journalist. The interlocutor is more willing to share his thoughts and problems.
IMPORTANT: The first questions should be interesting, involve the interlocutor in the conversation.
The pace of the conversation The art of interviewing The pace of the conversation depends on the nature of the issues discussed, the personality traits of the interlocutor, the time the participants have at their disposal, etc. In no case should you rush the interlocutor, because this can cause an unwanted reaction: irritation, embarrassment, the desire to end the conversation as soon as possible. If the interviewee has deviated from the topic, and the journalist does not have time, you can correctly, tactfully, with the help of additional questions, direct the conversation in the right direction. Special sensitivity and delicacy should be shown in a personal interview, where a careless word, inappropriately made remarks can destroy contact.
What is the art of conversation? A true journalist should go to the interlocutor, firstly, with thought, and, secondly, for thought. For a conversation to be fruitful, the interlocutor must at least be interested in it. The journalist himself as a person should be of interest to the interlocutor. Tips for the art of interviewing Don't ask angry, provocative questions. Give the interlocutor the opportunity to speak, do not interrupt him. Use silence to your advantage. Repeat your question. If your question is not answered, please repeat it in a slightly modified form. Interviewer's Commandments Clarity and brevity. The question should be formulated in the language of the interlocutor, understandable to him, and should have a short form. You cannot ask several questions at the same time. Avoid monosyllabic answers. The specificity of the answer is determined by the specificity of the question. Before you ask, think about whether your question is interesting. Verification of information obtained during the interview proverka-intervyu Interview has a double subjectivity: the source of information and the journalist who perceives the information. The interlocutor can present events from his point of view truthfully, or he can deliberately give incorrect information. You cannot rely entirely on his information, tk. human memory tends to retain one information and lose another. It is not for nothing that journalists say: "He lies like an eyewitness."
The information obtained during the interview depends on the individual properties of the interlocutor's memory, his state of health in general and at the time of the event, on his competence, on the situation of the conversation, his attitude to the correspondent, on the journalist's ability to talk, etc.
Controlling information during the interview can be:
external - based on a comparison of the facts reported by the interlocutor with data obtained from other sources, internal - based on comparing the statements of the interlocutor with his own words. Information reliability control techniques Filtering questions. With their help, it is possible to determine whether the person chosen for the conversation belongs to those who can answer the questions of this interview: the degree of his awareness of the problem, whether he is an eyewitness, etc. Clarifying questions. They detail the messages of the interlocutor, give additional information.
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Repetition of the interlocutor's words. An answer that raises doubts or is not entirely clear can be repeated in your own words to clarify what the interlocutor meant. Trap questions. To check the sincerity of the interlocutor, you can ask him a question about what he obviously does not know or about what does not exist in nature. An affirmative answer to such a question casts doubt on the sincerity of other answers. Verification of the actual material. Facts, names, titles, dates, numbers should be checked during the conversation. Clarify whether they were recorded correctly by the journalist and re-check at the end of the conversation again.
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