/opt/librenms/conf.d/config.php: a mountpoint to override the librenms config.php. If will be appended to the default config.php allowing advanced configuration.
The database MUST already exists, there is currently no checks on the existence of the database. You can refer to the librenms installation regarding the required privileges and database specifications
If the container find an empty database, it will create the schema and apply all updates. You can follow the progress on the docker log.
After the schema has been created, a default user is created. The username and password is librenms
Regarding LibreNMS 1.26 and lower, the sql_mode STRICT_TRANS_TABLES MUST NOT be enabled. This is already managed during the database population, but not in the application yet. I suggest keeping this flag disabled in case of undiscovered bug caused by this for the 1.27 version.